Metadata-Version: 1.1
Name: uncertainties
Version: 2.4.1
Summary: Transparent calculations with uncertainties on the quantities involved (aka "error propagation"); fast calculation of derivatives
Home-page: http://pythonhosted.org/uncertainties/
Author: Eric O. LEBIGOT (EOL)
Author-email: eric.lebigot@normalesup.org
License: This software can be used under one of the following two licenses: (1) The Revised BSD License. (2) Any other license, as long as it is obtained from the original author.
Description: Overview
        ========
        
        ``uncertainties`` allows **calculations** such as (2 +/- 0.1)*2 = 4 +/- 
        0.2 to be **performed transparently**.  Much more complex mathematical 
        expressions involving numbers with uncertainties can also be evaluated 
        directly.
        
        The ``uncertainties`` package **takes the pain and complexity out** 
        of uncertainty calculations.
        
        **Detailed information** about this package can be found on its `main
        website`_.
        
        Basic examples
        ==============
        
        ::
        
            >>> from uncertainties import ufloat
            
            >>> x = ufloat(2, 0.25)
            >>> x
            2.0+/-0.25
            
            >>> square = x**2  # Transparent calculations
            >>> square
            4.0+/-1.0
            >>> square.nominal_value
            4.0
            >>> square.std_dev  # Standard deviation
            1.0
        
            >>> square - x*x
            0.0  # Exactly 0: correlations taken into account
        
            >>> from uncertainties.umath import *  # sin(), etc.
            >>> sin(1+x**2)
            -0.95892427466313845+/-0.2836621854632263
            
            >>> print (2*x+1000).derivatives[x]  # Automatic calculation of derivatives
            2.0
            
            >>> from uncertainties import unumpy  # Array manipulation
            >>> random_vars = unumpy.uarray([1, 2], [0.1, 0.2])
            >>> print random_vars
            [1.0+/-0.1 2.0+/-0.2]
            >>> print random_vars.mean()
            1.50+/-0.11
            >>> print unumpy.cos(random_vars)
            [0.540302305868+/-0.0841470984808 -0.416146836547+/-0.181859485365]
        
        Main features
        =============
        
        - **Transparent calculations with uncertainties**: **no or little
          modification of existing code** is needed.  Similarly, the Python_ (or
          IPython_) shell can be used as **a powerful calculator** that
          handles quantities with uncertainties (``print`` statements are
          optional, which is convenient).
        
        - **Correlations** between expressions are correctly taken into
          account.  Thus, ``x-x`` is exactly zero, for instance (most
          implementations found on the web yield a non-zero uncertainty for
          ``x-x``, which is incorrect).
        
        - **Almost all mathematical operations** are supported, including most
          functions from the standard math_ module (sin,...).  Comparison
          operators (``>``, ``==``, etc.) are supported too.
          
        - Many **fast operations on arrays and matrices** of numbers with
          uncertainties are supported.
        
        - **Extensive support for printing** numbers with uncertainties
          (including LaTeX support and pretty-printing).
          
        - Most uncertainty calculations are performed **analytically**.
          
        - This module also gives access to the **derivatives** of any 
          mathematical expression (they are used by error
          propagation theory, and are thus automatically calculated by this
          module).
        
        
        Installation or upgrade
        =======================
        
        Installation instructions are available on the `main web site
        <http://pythonhosted.org/uncertainties/#installation-and-download>`_
        for this package.
        
        Contact
        =======
        
        Please send **feature requests, bug reports, or feedback** to
        `Eric O. LEBIGOT (EOL)`_.
        
        Version history
        ===============
        
        Main changes:
        
        - 2.4.1: In ``uncertainties.umath``, functions ``ceil()``, ``floor()``,          ``isinf()``, ``isnan()`` and ``trunc()`` now return values of          the same type as the corresponding ``math`` module function          (instead of generally returning a value with a zero uncertainty          ``...+/-0``).
        - 2.4: Extensive support for the formatting_ of numbers with uncertainties.        A zero uncertainty is now explicitly displayed as the integer 0.        The new formats are generally understood by ``ufloat_fromstr()``.        Abbreviations for the nominal value (``n``) and the standard        deviation (``s``) are now available.
        - 2.3.6:  Full support for limit cases of the power operator           ``umath.pow()``.
        - 2.3.5: Uncertainties and derivatives can now be NaN (not-a-number).          Full support for numbers with a zero uncertainty          (``sqrt(ufloat(0, 0))`` now works).          Full support for limit cases of the power operator (``x**y``).
        - 2.3: Functions wrapped        so that they accept numbers with uncertainties instead of floats        now have full keyword arguments support        (improved ``wrap()`` function). Incompatible change:        ``wrap(..., None)`` should be replaced by ``wrap(...)`` or        ``wrap(..., [])``.
        - 2.2: Creating arrays and matrices of numbers with uncertainties        with ``uarray()`` and ``umatrix()`` now requires two simple arguments        (nominal values and standard deviations) instead of a tuple argument.        This is consistent with the new, simpler ``ufloat()`` interface.        The previous        usage will be supported for some time. Users are encouraged to update        their code, for instance through the newly provided `code updater`_,        which in addition now automatically converts ``.set_std_dev(v)`` to        ``.std_dev = v``.
        - 2.1: Numbers with uncertainties are now created more directly like        ``ufloat(3, 0.1)``, ``ufloat(3, 0.1, "pi")``,        ``ufloat_fromstr("3.0(1)")``, or ``ufloat_fromstr("3.0(1)", "pi")``.        The previous ``ufloat((3, 0.1))`` and ``ufloat("3.0(1)")`` forms        will be supported for some time. Users are encouraged to update        their code, for instance through the newly provided `code updater`_.
        - 2.0: The standard deviation is now obtained more directly without an        explicit        call (``x.std_dev`` instead of ``x.std_dev()``). ``x.std_dev()``        will be supported for some time. Users are encouraged to update        their code. The standard deviation of a variable can now be        directly updated with ``x.std_dev = 0.1``. As a consequence,        ``x.set_std_dev()`` is deprecated.
        - 1.9.1: Support added for pickling subclasses of ``UFloat`` (= ``Variable``).
        - 1.9: Added functions for handling correlation matrices:        ``correlation_matrix()`` and        ``correlated_values_norm()``. (These new functions mirror the        covariance-matrix based ``covariance_matrix()`` and        ``correlated_values()``.) ``UFloat.position_in_sigmas()`` is        now named ``UFloat.std_score()``, so as to follow the common        naming convention (`standard score        <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_score>`_).  Obsolete        functions were removed (from the main module:        ``NumberWithUncert``, ``num_with_uncert``, ``array_u``,        ``nominal_values``, ``std_devs``).
        - 1.8: Compatibility with Python 3.2 added.
        - 1.7.2: Compatibility with Python 2.3, Python 2.4, Jython 2.5.1 and          Jython 2.5.2 added.
        - 1.7.1: New semantics: ``ufloat("12.3(78)")`` now represents 12.3+/-7.8          instead of 12.3+/-78.
        - 1.7: ``ufloat()`` now raises ValueError instead of a generic Exception,        when given an incorrect        string representation, like ``float()`` does.
        - 1.6: Testing whether an object is a number with uncertainty should now        be done with ``isinstance(..., UFloat)``.        ``AffineScalarFunc`` is not imported by ``from uncertainties import *``        anymore, but its new alias ``UFloat`` is.
        - 1.5.5: The first possible license is now the Revised BSD License          instead of GPLv2, which          makes it easier to include this package in other projects.
        - 1.5.4.2: Added ``umath.modf()`` and ``umath.frexp()``.
        - 1.5.4: ``ufloat`` does not accept a single number (nominal value) anymore.        This removes some potential confusion about        ``ufloat(1.1)`` (zero uncertainty) being different from        ``ufloat("1.1")`` (uncertainty of 1 on the last digit).
        - 1.5.2: ``float_u``, ``array_u`` and ``matrix_u`` renamed ``ufloat``,        ``uarray`` and ``umatrix``, for ease of typing.
        - 1.5:  Added functions ``nominal_value`` and ``std_dev``, and        modules ``unumpy`` (additional support for NumPy_ arrays and        matrices) and ``unumpy.ulinalg`` (generalization of some        functions from ``numpy.linalg``).        Memory footprint of arrays of numbers with uncertainties        divided by 3.        Function ``array_u`` is 5 times faster.        Main function ``num_with_uncert`` renamed        ``float_u``, for consistency with ``unumpy.array_u`` and        ``unumpy.matrix_u``, with the added benefit of a shorter name.
        - 1.4.5: Added support for the standard ``pickle`` module.
        - 1.4.2: Added support for the standard ``copy`` module.
        - 1.4: Added utilities for manipulating NumPy_ arrays of numbers with       uncertainties (``array_u``, ``nominal_values`` and ``std_devs``).
        - 1.3: Numbers with uncertainties are now constructed with   ``num_with_uncert()``, which replaces ``NumberWithUncert()``.  This   simplifies the class hierarchy by removing the ``NumberWithUncert`` class.
        - 1.2.5: Numbers with uncertainties can now be entered as          ``NumberWithUncert("1.23+/-0.45")`` too.
        - 1.2.3: ``log(x, base)`` is now supported by ``umath.log()``, in addition          to ``log(x)``.
        - 1.2.2: Values with uncertainties are now output like 3+/-1, in order          to avoid confusing 3+-1 with 3+(-1).
        - 1.2: A new function, ``wrap()``, is exposed, which allows non-Python        functions (e.g. Fortran or C used through a module such as SciPy) to        handle numbers with uncertainties.
        - 1.1: Mathematical functions (such as cosine, etc.) are in a new        uncertainties.umath module;        they do not override functions from the ``math`` module anymore.
        - 1.0.12: Main class (``Number_with_uncert``) renamed ``NumberWithUncert``           so as to follow `PEP 8`_.
        - 1.0.11: ``origin_value`` renamed more appropriately as           ``nominal_value``.
        - 1.0.9: ``correlations()`` renamed more appropriately as          ``covariance_matrix()``.
        
        .. _Python: http://docs.python.org/tutorial/interpreter.html
        .. _IPython: http://ipython.scipy.org/
        .. _NumPy: http://numpy.scipy.org/
        .. _math: http://docs.python.org/library/math.html
        .. _PEP 8: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/
        .. _error propagation theory: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_uncertainty
        .. _setuptools: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools
        .. _Eric O. LEBIGOT (EOL): mailto:eric.lebigot@normalesup.org
        .. _PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=4TK7KNDTEDT4S
        .. _main website: http://pythonhosted.org/uncertainties/
        .. _code updater: http://pythonhosted.org/uncertainties/#migration-from-version-1-to-version-2
        .. _formatting: http://pythonhosted.org/uncertainties/user_guide.html#printing
        
Keywords: error propagation,uncertainties,uncertainty calculations,standard deviation,derivatives,partial derivatives,differentiation
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Education
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Other Audience
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.4
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.1
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: Jython
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
Classifier: Topic :: Education
Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering
Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Mathematics
Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Physics
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
